Tech4Biowaste - User contributions [en]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-27T12:26:29Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Ionic_liquids#proionic proionic]
| Austria
| -
| Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS (aprotic, non-distillable ILs) & Method for processing a biomass material - HIPE-REC (protic, distillable ILs)
| 4-5
| 10
|Aprotic (non-distillable ILs) and protic ionic liquids (distillable)
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Ionic liquids#RISE|RISE]]
| -
| -
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| -
| -
|
|
|
|}
=== proionic ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS (aprotic, non-distillable ILs) & Method for processing a biomass material - HIPE-REC (protic, distillable ILs)|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year; 10|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin (with distillable ionic liquids), Hemicellulose (both distillable and non-distillable), Cellulose (with non-distillable ionic liquids) or other valuable biomolecules (proteins, chitin, collagen)|Ionic liquid=Aprotic (non-distillable ILs) and protic ionic liquids (distillable)|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)
|Image=Logo_proionic.jpg|TRL=4-5|Product=Purrified Lignin and high purity Cellulose pulp}}
proionic is the leading manufacturer of ionic liquids on large scale offering:
* innovative solutions and tailored ionic liquids for biomass dissolution as well as selective extraction of value added compounds;
* joint development of technologies for the pre-treatment of biomass and the valorization of obtained products with subsequent solvent recycling;

Two innovative patents for the green production of ionic liquids and their utilization for biomass applications:

* '''CBILS®''' is a unique ionic liquid production technology for waste-free, safe and economic production of ultra-pure ionic liquids;
* '''HIPE-REC®''' is a high performance recovery process for the separation of ionic liquid pre-processed biomass into solid an liquid fraction;

===RISE===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T13:08:45Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS (aprotic, non-distillable ILs) &
Method for processing a biomass material - HIPE-REC (protic, distillable ILs)|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year; 10|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin (with distillable ionic liquids), Hemicellulose (both distillable and non-distillable), Cellulose (with non-distillable ionic liquids) or other valuable biomolecules (proteins, chitin, collagen)|Ionic liquid=Aprotic (non-distillable ILs) and protic ionic liquids (distillable)|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)
|Image=[[File:Proionic.jpg|thumb|Company logo]]|TRL=4-5|Product=Purrified Lignin and high purity Cellulose pulp}}
Leading manufacturer of ionic liquids on large scale offering:
* innovative solutions and tailored ionic liquids for biomass dissolution as well as selective extraction of value added compounds;
* joint development of technologies for the pre-treatment of biomass and the valorization of obtained products with subsequent solvent recycling;

Two innovative patents for the green production of ionic liquids and their utilization for biomass applications:

* '''CBILS®''' is a unique ionic liquid production technology for waste-free, safe and economic production of ultra-pure ionic liquids;
* '''HIPE-REC®''' is a high performance recovery process for the separation of ionic liquid pre-processed biomass into solid an liquid fraction;

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T13:00:44Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin, Hemicellulose, Cellulose or other valuable biomolecules with the use of recyclable ionic liquids|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)
|Image=[[File:Proionic.jpg|thumb|Company logo]]|TRL=4-5}}
Leading manufacturer of ionic liquids on large scale offering:
* innovative solutions and tailored ionic liquids for biomass dissolution as well as selective extraction of value added compounds;
* joint development of technologies for the pre-treatment of biomass and the valorization of obtained products with subsequent solvent recycling;

Two innovative patents for the green production of ionic liquids and their utilization for biomass applications:

* '''CBILS®''' is a unique ionic liquid production technology for waste-free, safe and economic production of ultra-pure ionic liquids;
* '''HIPE-REC®''' is a high performance recovery process for the separation of ionic liquid pre-processed biomass into solid an liquid fraction;

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T12:06:46Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
Leading manufacturer of ionic liquids on large scale offering:

* innovative solutions and tailored ionic liquids for biomass dissolution as well as selective extraction of value added compounds;
* joint development of technologies for the pre-treatment of biomass and the valorization of obtained products with subsequent solvent recycling;

CBILS® is a unique ionic liquid production technology for waste-free, safe and economic production of ultra-pure ionic liquids. {{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin, Hemicellulose, Cellulose or other valuable biomolecules with the use of recyclable ionic liquids|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)
|Image=[[File:Proionic.jpg|thumb|Company logo]]|TRL=4-5}}

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

File:Proionic.jpg

2022-07-20T12:05:14Z

Marcell Gyurkac: Uploaded own work with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Company logo}}
|date=2010-09-01 13:38:44
|source={{own}}
|author=[[User:Marcell Gyurkac|Marcell Gyurkac]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

This file was uploaded with the UploadWizard extension.

[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T12:00:02Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
Leading manufacturer of ionic liquids on large scale offering:

* innovative solutions and tailored ionic liquids for biomass dissolution as well as selective extraction of value added compounds;
* joint development of technologies for the pre-treatment of biomass and the valorization of obtained products with subsequent solvent recycling;

CBILS® is a unique ionic liquid production technology for waste-free, safe and economic production of ultra-pure ionic liquids. {{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin, Hemicellulose, Cellulose or other valuable biomolecules with the use of recyclable ionic liquids|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)
|Image=[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|thumb|proionic]]|TRL=4-5}}

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T11:59:29Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
Leading manufacturer of ionic liquids on large scale offering:

* innovative solutions and tailored ionic liquids for biomass dissolution as well as selective extraction of value added compounds;
* joint development of technologies for the pre-treatment of biomass and the valorization of obtained products with subsequent solvent recycling;

CBILS® is a unique ionic liquid production technology for waste-free, safe and economic production of ultra-pure ionic liquids. {{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin, Hemicellulose, Cellulose or other valuable biomolecules with the use of recyclable ionic liquids|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)
|Image=[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|thumb|proionic]]|TRL=4-5}}
[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|center|frameless]]

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T11:55:56Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
Leading manufacturer of ionic liquids on large scale offering:

* innovative solutions and tailored ionic liquids for biomass dissolution as well as selective extraction of value added compounds;
* joint development of technologies for the pre-treatment of biomass and the valorization of obtained products with subsequent solvent recycling;

CBILS® is a unique ionic liquid production technology for waste-free, safe and economic production of ultra-pure ionic liquids. {{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin, Hemicellulose, Cellulose or other valuable biomolecules with the use of recyclable ionic liquids|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)
|Image=File:Logo proionic.jpg}}
[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|center|frameless]]

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T11:42:30Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* Technology providers */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
Leading manufacturer of ionic liquids on large scale offering:

* innovative solutions and tailored ionic liquids for biomass dissolution as well as selective extraction of value added compounds;
* joint development of technologies for the pre-treatment of biomass and the valorization of obtained products with subsequent solvent recycling;

CBILS® is a unique ionic liquid production technology for waste-free, safe and economic production of ultra-pure ionic liquids. {{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin, Hemicellulose, Cellulose or other valuable biomolecules with the use of recyclable ionic liquids|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)
}}
[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|center|frameless]]

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T09:56:33Z

Marcell Gyurkac:

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin, Hemicellulose, Cellulose or other valuable biomolecules with the use of recyclable ionic liquids|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)
}}
[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|center|frameless]]

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T09:52:36Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin, Hemicellulose, Cellulose or other valuable biomolecules with the use of recyclable ionic liquids|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)|Image=asdag}}
[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|center|frameless]]

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T09:51:36Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=markus.damm@proionic.com or marcell.gyurkac@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively extract/dissolve Lignin, Hemicellulose, Cellulose or other valuable biomolecules with the use of recyclable ionic liquids|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste (corn, hemp, flax, coconut, feather, wood residues, etc.)|Image=}}
[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|center|frameless]]

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T09:41:57Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* Technology providers */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=office@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively Lignin and/or Hemicellulose and/or Cellulose|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste|Image=[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|center|frameless]]}}
[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|center|frameless]]

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T09:40:41Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=office@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively Lignin and/or Hemicellulose and/or Cellulose|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste}}
[[File:Logo proionic.jpg|center|frameless]]

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

File:Logo proionic.jpg

2022-07-20T09:38:36Z

Marcell Gyurkac:

Company logo

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T09:36:24Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH|Country=Austria|Contact=office@proionic.com|Webpage=www.proionic.com|Technology name=Carbonate Based Ionic Liquid Synthesis - CBILS|Capacity=Up to 100 tons per year|Dissolved component=Selectively Lignin and/or Hemicellulose and/or Cellulose|Ionic liquid=Aprotic and protic ionic liquids|Feedstock=Agricultural waste}}

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T09:21:34Z

Marcell Gyurkac:

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== [https://proionic.com/ proionic] (Austria) ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH}}

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Ionic liquids

2022-07-20T09:20:52Z

Marcell Gyurkac: /* proionic (Austria) */

{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}}
<onlyinclude>'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. 

==Feedstock==

=== Origin and composition ===
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.

=== Pre-treatment ===

* [[Sizing|Seizing]]

==Process and technologies==
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref>

==Product==
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.

=== Post-treatment===
There are no post-treatment technologies known at the moment.

==Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Reagent
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [https://proionic.com/ proionic]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== proionic (Austria) ===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids|Company=proionic GmbH}}

===RISE (Sweden)===
{{Infobox provider-ionic liquids}}
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref>

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.
==References==
<references />

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]